WASHINGTON • Citigroup Inc. and Bank of America Corp. will need to raise more capital based on preliminary results of their government-run “stress tests” – unless they succeed in appealing the findings, according to two people familiar with the matter.

The banks are making their arguments to regulators, said these people, who spoke on condition of anonymity because they have been ordered not to discuss it. Among their points could be that regulators don’t fully understand the banks’ operations, they said.

But the companies face an uphill battle in convincing Fed officials, who privately released the results Friday, that the results are wrong, analysts said. They noted that the tests are supposed to be rigorous enough for the results to be widely accepted.

“It’s not surprising there are some slaps on the wrist or calls for recapitalization,” such as at Citi or Bank of America, said Simon Johnson, a former IMF chief economist now at Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Sloan School of Business. “It’s in keeping with their overall strategy” of waiting out the banking system’s problems, he said.

Federal Reserve officials said Friday that all 19 banks that underwent stress tests will need to keep an extra buffer of capital reserves beyond what’s now required, in case losses continue to mount. That would mean some banks will likely have to raise additional cash. But the Fed stressed in a statement that a bank’s need for more capital reserves to meet the requirements should not be considered a measure of the “current solvency or viability of the firm.”

Fed officials held top-secret meetings with bank executives last week to give them preliminary findings of how each bank would fare if the recession got much worse. The banks can dispute their results this week.

They will receive the final test results Friday, and the government plans to publicly announce the results next week. By law, the banks cannot publicize the results without the government’s permission.

The results will determine the fates of the companies, which together hold one-half of the U.S. banking system’s loans. Banks found to need more capital face several possibilities:

The government could convert its stake in them to common shares, force them to raise money from investors or eventually release more funds from the Treasury Department’s $700 billion financial bailout.

The banks’ options are designed to ensure banks have enough cash to withstand the mounting loan losses they would absorb in a bleaker economy.

The news about Charlotte, N.C.-based Bank of America and New York-based Citi was first reported in The Wall Street Journal on Tuesday.

Palmer and Adriana Wojakowska host a tennis regional. Photo by CHRISTIAN MURDOCK, THE GAZETTE